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228 lines
9.4 KiB
Markdown
228 lines
9.4 KiB
Markdown
---
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series: Projects
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date: "2018-09-26T08:34:30Z"
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thumbnail: images/posts-2020/i0UKdXleC.png
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tags:
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- docker
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- linux
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- cloud
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title: BitWarden password manager self-hosted on free Google Cloud instance
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---
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A friend mentioned the [BitWarden](https://bitwarden.com/) password manager to me yesterday and I had to confess that I'd never heard of it. I started researching it and was impressed by what I found: it's free, [open-source](https://github.com/bitwarden), feature-packed, fully cross-platform (with Windows/Linux/MacOS desktop clients, Android/iOS mobile apps, and browser extensions for Chrome/Firefox/Opera/Safari/Edge/etc), and even offers a self-hosted option.
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I wanted to try out the self-hosted setup, and I discovered that the [official distribution](https://help.bitwarden.com/article/install-on-premise/) works beautifully on an `n1-standard-1` 1-vCPU Google Compute Engine instance - but that would cost me an estimated $25/mo to run after my free Google Cloud Platform trial runs out. And I can't really scale that instance down further because the embedded database won't start with less than 2GB of RAM.
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I then came across [this comment](https://www.reddit.com/r/Bitwarden/comments/8vmwwe/best_place_to_self_host_bitwarden/e1p2f71/) on Reddit which discussed in somewhat-vague terms the steps required to get BitWarden to run on the [free](https://cloud.google.com/free/docs/always-free-usage-limits#compute_name) `f1-micro` instance, and also introduced me to the community-built [bitwarden_rs](https://github.com/dani-garcia/bitwarden_rs) project which is specifically designed to run a BW-compatible server on resource-constrained hardware. So here are the steps I wound up taking to get this up and running.
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### Spin up a VM
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*Easier said than done, but head over to https://console.cloud.google.com/ and fumble through:*
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1. Creating a new project (or just add an instance to an existing one).
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2. Creating a new Compute Engine instance, selecting `f1-micro` for the Machine Type and ticking the *Allow HTTPS traffic* box.
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3. *(Optional)* Editing the instance to add an ssh-key for easier remote access.
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### Configure Dynamic DNS
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*Because we're cheap and don't want to pay for a static IP.*
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1. Log in to the [Google Domain admin portal](https://domains.google.com/registrar) and [create a new Dynamic DNS record](https://domains.google.com/registrar). This will provide a username and password specific for that record.
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2. Log in to the GCE instance and run `sudo apt-get update` followed by `sudo apt-get install ddclient`. Part of the install process prompts you to configure things... just accept the defaults and move on.
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3. Edit the `ddclient` config file to look like this, substituting the username, password, and FDQN from Google Domains:
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```shell
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$ sudo vi /etc/ddclient.conf
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# Configuration file for ddclient generated by debconf
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#
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# /etc/ddclient.conf
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protocol=googledomains,
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ssl=yes,
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syslog=yes,
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use=web,
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server=domains.google.com,
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login='[USERNAME]',
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password='[PASSWORD]',
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[FQDN]
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```
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4. `sudo vi /etc/default/ddclient` and make sure that `run_daemon="true"`:
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```shell
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# Configuration for ddclient scripts
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# generated from debconf on Sat Sep 8 21:58:02 UTC 2018
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#
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# /etc/default/ddclient
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# Set to "true" if ddclient should be run every time DHCP client ('dhclient'
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# from package isc-dhcp-client) updates the systems IP address.
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run_dhclient="false"
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# Set to "true" if ddclient should be run every time a new ppp connection is
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# established. This might be useful, if you are using dial-on-demand.
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run_ipup="false"
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# Set to "true" if ddclient should run in daemon mode
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# If this is changed to true, run_ipup and run_dhclient must be set to false.
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run_daemon="true"
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# Set the time interval between the updates of the dynamic DNS name in seconds.
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# This option only takes effect if the ddclient runs in daemon mode.
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daemon_interval="300"
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```
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5. Restart the `ddclient` service - twice for good measure (daemon mode only gets activated on the second go *because reasons*):
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```shell
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$ sudo systemctl restart ddclient
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$ sudo systemctl restart ddclient
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```
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6. After a few moments, refresh the Google Domains page to verify that your instance's external IP address is showing up on the new DDNS record.
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### Install Docker
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*Steps taken from [here](https://docs.docker.com/install/linux/docker-ce/debian/).*
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1. Update `apt` package index:
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```shell
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$ sudo apt-get update
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```
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2. Install package management prereqs:
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```shell
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$ sudo apt-get install \
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apt-transport-https \
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ca-certificates \
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curl \
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gnupg2 \
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software-properties-common
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```
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3. Add Docker GPG key:
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```shell
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$ curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/debian/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
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```
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4. Add the Docker repo:
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```shell
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$ sudo add-apt-repository \
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"deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/debian \
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$(lsb_release -cs) \
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stable"
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```
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5. Update apt index again:
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```shell
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$ sudo apt-get update
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```
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6. Install Docker:
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```shell
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$ sudo apt-get install docker-ce
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```
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### Install Certbot and generate SSL cert
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*Steps taken from [here](https://certbot.eff.org/lets-encrypt/debianstretch-other.html).*
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1. Add `stretch-backports` repo:
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```shell
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$ sudo add-apt-repository \
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"deb https://ftp.debian.org/debian \
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stretch-backports main"
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```
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2. Install Certbot:
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```shell
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$ sudo apt-get install certbot -t stretch-backports
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```
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3. Generate certificate:
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```shell
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$ sudo certbot certonly --standalone -d [FQDN]
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```
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4. Create a directory to store the new certificates and copy them there:
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```shell
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$ sudo mkdir -p /ssl/keys/
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$ sudo cp -p /etc/letsencrypt/live/[FQDN]/fullchain.pem /ssl/keys/
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$ sudo cp -p /etc/letsencrypt/live/[FQDN]/privkey.pem /ssl/keys/
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```
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### Set up bitwarden_rs
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*Using the container image available [here](https://github.com/dani-garcia/bitwarden_rs).*
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1. Let's just get it up and running first:
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```shell
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$ sudo docker run -d --name bitwarden \
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-e ROCKET_TLS={certs='"/ssl/fullchain.pem", key="/ssl/privkey.pem"}' \
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-e ROCKET_PORT='8000' \
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-v /ssl/keys/:/ssl/ \
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-v /bw-data/:/data/ \
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-v /icon_cache/ \
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-p 0.0.0.0:443:8000 \
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mprasil/bitwarden:latest
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```
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2. At this point you should be able to point your web browser at `https://[FQDN]` and see the BitWarden login screen. Click on the Create button and set up a new account. Log in, look around, add some passwords, etc. Everything should basically work just fine.
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3. Unless you want to host passwords for all of the Internet you'll probably want to disable signups at some point by adding the `env` option `SIGNUPS_ALLOWED=false`. And you'll need to set `DOMAIN=https://[FQDN]` if you want to use U2F authentication:
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```shell
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$ sudo docker stop bitwarden
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$ sudo docker rm bitwarden
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$ sudo docker run -d --name bitwarden \
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-e ROCKET_TLS={certs='"/ssl/fullchain.pem",key="/ssl/privkey.pem"'} \
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-e ROCKET_PORT='8000' \
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-e SIGNUPS_ALLOWED=false \
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-e DOMAIN=https://[FQDN] \
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-v /ssl/keys/:/ssl/ \
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-v /bw-data/:/data/ \
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-v /icon_cache/ \
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-p 0.0.0.0:443:8000 \
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mprasil/bitwarden:latest
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```
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### Install bitwarden_rs as a service
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*So we don't have to keep manually firing this thing off.*
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1. Create a script to stop, remove, update, and (re)start the `bitwarden_rs` container:
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```shell
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$ sudo vi /usr/local/bin/start-bitwarden.sh
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#!/bin/bash
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docker stop bitwarden
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docker rm bitwarden
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docker pull mprasil/bitwarden
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docker run -d --name bitwarden \
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-e ROCKET_TLS={certs='"/ssl/fullchain.pem",key="/ssl/privkey.pem"'} \
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-e ROCKET_PORT='8000' \
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-e SIGNUPS_ALLOWED=false \
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-e DOMAIN=https://[FQDN] \
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-v /ssl/keys/:/ssl/ \
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-v /bw-data/:/data/ \
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-v /icon_cache/ \
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-p 0.0.0.0:443:8000 \
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mprasil/bitwarden:latest
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$ sudo chmod 744 /usr/local/bin/start-bitwarden.sh
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```
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2. And add it as a `systemd` service:
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```shell
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$ sudo vi /etc/systemd/system/bitwarden.service
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[Unit]
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Description=BitWarden container
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Requires=docker.service
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After=docker.service
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[Service]
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Restart=always
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ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/bitwarden-start.sh
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ExecStop=/usr/bin/docker stop bitwarden
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[Install]
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WantedBy=default.target
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$ sudo chmod 644 /etc/systemd/system/bitwarden.service
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```
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3. Try it out:
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```shell
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$ sudo systemctl start bitwarden
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$ sudo systemctl status bitwarden
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● bitwarden.service - BitWarden container
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Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/bitwarden.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
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Active: deactivating (stop) since Sun 2018-09-09 03:43:20 UTC; 1s ago
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Process: 13104 ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/bitwarden-start.sh (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
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Main PID: 13104 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS); Control PID: 13229 (docker)
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Tasks: 5 (limit: 4915)
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Memory: 9.7M
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CPU: 375ms
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CGroup: /system.slice/bitwarden.service
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└─control
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└─13229 /usr/bin/docker stop bitwarden
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Sep 09 03:43:20 bitwarden bitwarden-start.sh[13104]: Status: Image is up to date for mprasil/bitwarden:latest
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Sep 09 03:43:20 bitwarden bitwarden-start.sh[13104]: ace64ca5294eee7e21be764ea1af9e328e944658b4335ce8721b99a33061d645
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```
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### Conclusion
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If all went according to plan, you've now got a highly-secure open-source full-featured cross-platform password manager running on an Always Free Google Compute Engine instance resolved by Google Domains dynamic DNS. Very slick!
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