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---
title: "Spotlight on Torchlight"
date: 2023-11-06
# lastmod: 2023-11-06
draft: true
description: "Syntax highlighting powered by the Torchlight.dev API makes it easier to dress up code blocks. Here's an overview of what I did to replace this blog's built-in Hugo highlighter (Chroma) with Torchlight."
featured: false
toc: true
comment: true
series: Tips # Projects, Scripts
tags:
- javascript
- hugo
- meta
---
I've been futzing around a bit with how code blocks render on this blog. Hugo has a built-in, _really fast_, [syntax highlighter](https://gohugo.io/content-management/syntax-highlighting/) courtesy of [Chroma](https://github.com/alecthomas/chroma). Chroma is basically automatic and it renders very quickly[^fast] during the `hugo` build process, but it often seems to struggle with tokenizing and highlighting certain languages. And while Hugo allows for annotations like `{hl_lines="11-13"}`, that can get kind of clumsy if you're not sure which lines need to be highlighted[^eleven]. And sometimes I'd like to share a long code block for context while also collapsing it down to just the bits I'm going to write about. That's not something that can be done with the built-in highlighter (at least not without tacking on a bunch of extra JavaScript and CSS nonsense).
[^fast]: Did I mention that it's fast?
[^eleven]: (or how to count to eleven)
But then I found a post from Sebastian de Deyne about [Better code highlighting in Hugo with Torchlight](https://sebastiandedeyne.com/better-code-highlighting-in-hugo-with-torchlight), and thought that [Torchlight](https://torchlight.dev) sounded pretty promising.
In Sebastian's words,
> Torchlight is a code-highlighter-as-a-service built on Visual Studio Code's editor highlighter editor. You throw blocks of code to Torchlight and they return them in a highlighted form. This results in a more complete highlight than alternatives like highlight.js, and a lot of available themes.
Code blocks in, formatted HTML out, and no JavaScript or extra code to render this slick display in the browser:
```toml
# torchlight! {"lineNumbers": true}
# netlify.toml
[build]
publish = "public"
[build.environment]
HUGO_VERSION = "0.111.3" # [tl! --]
HUGO_VERSION = "0.116.1" # [tl! ++ reindex(-1)]
[context.production] # [tl! focus:5 highlight:3,1]
command = """
hugo --minify
npm i @torchlight-api/torchlight-cli
npx torchlight
"""
[context.preview] # [tl! collapse:start]
command = """
hugo --minify --environment preview
npm i @torchlight-api/torchlight-cli
npx torchlight
"""
[[headers]]
for = "/*"
[headers.values]
X-Robots-Tag = "noindex"
[[redirects]]
from = "/*"
to = "/404/"
status = 404 # [tl! collapse:end]
```
Pretty nice, right? That block's got:
- Colorful, accurate syntax highlighting
- Traditional line highlighting
- A shnazzy blur/focus to really make the important lines pop
- In-line diffs to show what's changed
- An expandable section to reveal additional context on-demand
And marking-up that code block was pretty easy and intuitive. Torchlight is controlled by [annotations](https://torchlight.dev/docs/annotations) inserted as comments appropriate for whatever language you're using (like `# [tl! highlight]` to highlight a single line). In most cases you can just put the annotation right at the end of the line you're trying to flag. You can also [specify ranges](https://torchlight.dev/docs/annotations/ranges) relative to the current line (`[tl! focus:5]` to apply the focus effect to the current line and the next five) or use `:start` and `:end` so you don't have to count at all.
```toml
# torchlight! {"torchlightAnnotations": false}
# netlify.toml
[build]
publish = "public"
[build.environment]
# diff: remove this line
HUGO_VERSION = "0.111.3" # [tl! --]
# diff: add this line, adjust line numbering to compensate
HUGO_VERSION = "0.116.1" # [tl! ++ reindex(-1)]
# focus this line and the following 5, highlight the third line down
[context.production] # [tl! focus:5 highlight:3,1]
command = """
hugo --minify
npm i @torchlight-api/torchlight-cli
npx torchlight
"""
# collapse everything from `:start` to `:end`
[context.preview] # [tl! collapse:start]
command = """
hugo --minify --environment preview
npm i @torchlight-api/torchlight-cli
npx torchlight
"""
[[headers]]
for = "/*"
[headers.values]
X-Robots-Tag = "noindex"
[[redirects]]
from = "/*"
to = "/404/"
status = 404 # [tl! collapse:end]
```
See what I mean? Being able to put the annotations directly on the line(s) they modify is a lot easier to manage than trying to keep track of multiple line numbers in the header. And I think the effect is pretty cool.
### Basic setup
So what did it take to get this working on my blog?
I started with registering for a free[^free] account at [torchlight.dev](https://app.torchlight.dev/register?plan=free_month) and generating an API token. I'll need to include that later with calls to the Torchlight API. The token will be stashed as an environment variable in my Netlify configuration, but I'll also stick it in a local `.env` file for use with local builds:
```shell
echo "TORCHLIGHT_TOKEN=torch_[...]" > ./.env # [tl! .cmd]
```
[^free]: Torchlight is free for sites which don't generate revenue, though it does require a link back to `torchlight.dev`. I stuck the attribution link in the footer. More pricing info [here].
I then used `npm` to install Torchlight in the root of my Hugo repo:
```shell
npm i @torchlight-api/torchlight-cli # [tl! .cmd]
# [tl! .nocopy:1]
added 94 packages in 5s
```
That created a few new files and directories that I don't want to sync with the repo, so I added those to my `.gitignore` configuration. I'll also be sure to add that `.env` file so that I don't commit any secrets!
```
# torchlight! {"lineNumbers": true}
# .gitignore
.hugo_build.lock
/node_modules/ [tl! ++:2]
/package-lock.json
/package.json
/public/
/resources/
/.env [tl! ++]
```
The [installation instructions](https://torchlight.dev/docs/clients/cli#init-command) say to then initialize Torchlight like so:
```shell
npx torchlight init # [tl! .cmd focus]
# [tl! .nocopy:start]
node:internal/fs/utils:350
throw err;
^
Error: ENOENT: no such file or directory, open '/home/john/projects/runtimeterror/node_modules/@torchlight-api/torchlight-cli/dist/stubs/config.js' # [tl! focus highlight collapse:start]
at Object.openSync (node:fs:603:3) #
at Object.readFileSync (node:fs:471:35)
at write (/home/john/projects/runtimeterror/node_modules/@torchlight-api/torchlight-cli/dist/bin/torchlight.cjs.js:524:39)
at init (/home/john/projects/runtimeterror/node_modules/@torchlight-api/torchlight-cli/dist/bin/torchlight.cjs.js:538:12)
at Command.<anonymous> (/home/john/projects/runtimeterror/node_modules/@torchlight-api/torchlight-cli/dist/bin/torchlight.cjs.js:722:12)
at Command.listener [as _actionHandler] (/home/john/projects/runtimeterror/node_modules/commander/lib/command.js:488:17)
at /home/john/projects/runtimeterror/node_modules/commander/lib/command.js:1227:65
at Command._chainOrCall (/home/john/projects/runtimeterror/node_modules/commander/lib/command.js:1144:12)
at Command._parseCommand (/home/john/projects/runtimeterror/node_modules/commander/lib/command.js:1227:27)
at Command._dispatchSubcommand (/home/john/projects/runtimeterror/node_modules/commander/lib/command.js:1050:25) { # [tl! collapse:end]
errno: -2,
syscall: 'open',
code: 'ENOENT',
path: '/home/john/projects/runtimeterror/node_modules/@torchlight-api/torchlight-cli/dist/stubs/config.js'
}
Node.js v18.17.1
# [tl! .nocopy:end]
```
Oh. Hmm.
There's an [open issue](https://github.com/torchlight-api/torchlight-cli/issues/4) which reveals that the stub config file is actually located under the `src/` directory instead of `dist/`. I'll just copy that to my repo root and then set to work modifying it to suit my needs:
```shell
cp node_modules/@torchlight-api/torchlight-cli/src/stubs/config.js ./torchlight.config.js # [tl! .cmd]
```
```js
// torchlight! {"lineNumbers": true}
// torchlight.config.js
module.exports = {
// Your token from https://torchlight.dev
token: process.env.TORCHLIGHT_TOKEN, // this will come from a netlify build var [tl! highlight focus]
// The Torchlight client caches highlighted code blocks. Here you
// can define which directory you'd like to use. You'll likely
// want to add this directory to your .gitignore. Set to
// `false` to use an in-memory cache. You may also
// provide a full cache implementation.
cache: 'cache', // [tl! -- focus:1]
cache: false, // disable cache for netlify builds [tl! ++ reindex(-1)]
// Which theme you want to use. You can find all of the themes at
// https://torchlight.dev/docs/themes.
theme: 'material-theme-palenight', // [tl! -- focus:1]
theme: 'one-dark-pro', // switch up the theme [tl! ++ reindex(-1)]
// The Host of the API.
host: 'https://api.torchlight.dev',
// Global options to control block-level settings.
// https://torchlight.dev/docs/options
options: {
// Turn line numbers on or off globally.
lineNumbers: false,
// Control the `style` attribute applied to line numbers.
// lineNumbersStyle: '',
// Turn on +/- diff indicators.
diffIndicators: true,
// If there are any diff indicators for a line, put them
// in place of the line number to save horizontal space.
diffIndicatorsInPlaceOfLineNumbers: true // [tl! -- focus:1]
diffIndicatorsInPlaceOfLineNumbers: false // put the diff indicators next to the line numbers [tl! ++ reindex(-1)]
// When lines are collapsed, this is the text that will
// be shown to indicate that they can be expanded.
// summaryCollapsedIndicator: '...',
},
// Options for the highlight command.
highlight: {
// Directory where your un-highlighted source files live. If
// left blank, Torchlight will use the current directory.
input: '', // [tl! -- focus:1]
input: 'public', // tells Torchlight where to find Hugo's processed HTML output [tl! ++ reindex(-1)]
// Directory where your highlighted files should be placed. If
// left blank, files will be modified in place.
output: '',
// Globs to include when looking for files to highlight.
includeGlobs: [
'**/*.htm',
'**/*.html'
],
// String patterns to ignore (not globs). The entire file
// path will be searched and if any of these strings
// appear, the file will be ignored.
excludePatterns: [
'/node_modules/',
'/vendor/'
]
}
}
```
You can find more details about the configuration options [here](https://torchlight.dev/docs/clients/cli#configuration-file).
As a bit of housekeeping, I'm also going to remove the built-in highlighter configuration from my `config/_default/markup.toml` file to make sure it doesn't conflict with Torchlight:
```toml
# torchlight! {"lineNumbers": true}
# config/_default/markup.toml
[goldmark]
[goldmark.renderer]
hardWraps = false
unsafe = true
xhtml = false
[goldmark.extensions]
typographer = false
[highlight] # [tl! --:start]
anchorLineNos = true
codeFences = true
guessSyntax = true
hl_Lines = ''
lineNos = false
lineNoStart = 1
lineNumbersInTable = false
noClasses = false
tabwidth = 2
style = 'monokai'
# [tl! --:end]
# Table of contents # [tl! reindex(10)]
# Add toc = true to content front matter to enable
[tableOfContents]
endLevel = 5
ordered = false
startLevel = 3
```
### Building
Now that the pieces are in place, it's time to start building!
#### Local
I like to preview my blog as I work on it so that I know what it will look like before I hit `git push` and let Netlify do its magic. And Hugo has been fantastic for that! But since I'm offloading the syntax highlighting to the Torchlight API, I'll need to manually build the site instead of relying on Hugo's instant preview builds.
There are a couple of steps I'll use for this:
1. First, I'll `source .env` to load the `TORCHLIGHT_TOKEN` for the API.
2. Then, I'll use `hugo --minify --environment local -D` to render my site into the `public/` directory.
3. Next, I'll call `npx torchlight` to parse the HTML files in `public/`, extract the content of any `<pre>`/`<code>` blocks, send it to the Torchlight API to work the magic, and write the formatted code blocks back to the existing HTML files.
4. Finally, I use `python3 -m http.server --directory public 1313` to serve the `public/` directory so I can view the content at `http://localhost:1313`.
I'm lazy, though, so I'll even put that into a quick `build.sh` script to help me run local builds:
```shell
# torchlight! {"lineNumbers": true}
#!/usr/bin/env bash
# Quick script to run local builds
source .env
hugo --minify --environment local -D
npx torchlight
python3 -m http.server --directory public 1313
```
Now I can just make the script executable and fire it off:
```shell
chmod +x build.sh # [tl! focus:3 .cmd:1]
./build.sh
Start building sites … # [tl! .nocopy:start]
hugo v0.111.3+extended linux/amd64 BuildDate=unknown VendorInfo=nixpkgs
| EN
-------------------+------
Pages | 202
Paginator pages | 0
Non-page files | 553
Static files | 49
Processed images | 0
Aliases | 5
Sitemaps | 1
Cleaned | 0
Total in 248 ms
Highlighting index.html
Highlighting 3d-modeling-and-printing-on-chrome-os/index.html
Highlighting 404/index.html
Highlighting about/index.html # [tl! collapse:start]
+ + + O
o '
________________ _
\__(=======/_=_/____.--'-`--.___
\ \ `,--,-.___.----'
.--`\\--'../ |
'---._____.|] -0- |o
* | -0- -O-
' o 0 | '
. -0- . '
Did you really want to see the full file list?
Highlighting tags/vsphere/index.html # [tl! collapse:end]
Highlighting tags/windows/index.html
Highlighting tags/wireguard/index.html
Highlighting tags/wsl/index.html # [tl! focus:1]
Writing to /home/john/projects/runtimeterror/public/abusing-chromes-custom-search-engines-for-fun-and-profit/index.html
Writing to /home/john/projects/runtimeterror/public/auto-connect-to-protonvpn-on-untrusted-wifi-with-tasker/index.html
Writing to /home/john/projects/runtimeterror/public/cat-file-without-comments/index.html # [tl! collapse:start]
' * + -O- |
o o .
___________ 0 o .
+/-/_"/-/_/-/| -0- o -O- * *
/"-/-_"/-_//|| . -O-
/__________/|/| + | *
|"|_'='-]:+|/|| . o -0- . *
|-+-|.|_'-"||// + | | ' ' 0
|[".[:!+-'=|// | -0- 0 -O-
|='!+|-:]|-|/ -0- o |-0- 0 -O-
---------- * | -O| + o
o -O- -0- -0- -O-
| + | -O- |
-0- -0- . O
-O- | -O- *
Writing to /home/john/projects/runtimeterror/public/k8s-on-vsphere-node-template-with-packer/index.html # [tl! collapse:end]
Writing to /home/john/projects/runtimeterror/public/tanzu-community-edition-k8s-homelab/index.html
Serving HTTP on 0.0.0.0 port 1313 (http://0.0.0.0:1313/) ... # [tl! focus:1]
127.0.0.1 - - [07/Nov/2023 20:34:29] "GET /spotlight-on-torchlight/ HTTP/1.1" 200 -
```
#### Netlify
Setting up Netlify to leverage the Torchlight API is kind of similar. I'll start with logging in to the [Netlify dashboard](https://app.netlify.com) and navigating to **Site Configuration > Environment Variables**. There, I'll click on **Add a variable > Add a ingle variable**. I'll give the new variable a key of `TORCHLIGHT_TOKEN` and set its value to the token I obtained earlier.
![](netlify-env-var.png)
Once that's done, I edit the `netlify.toml` file at the root of my site repo to alter the build commands:
```toml
# torchlight! {"lineNumbers": true}
[build]
publish = "public"
[build.environment]
HUGO_VERSION = "0.111.3"
[context.production] # [tl! focus:6]
command = "hugo" # [tl! -- ++:1,5 reindex(-1):1,1]
command = """
hugo --minify
npm i @torchlight-api/torchlight-cli
npx torchlight
"""
```
Now when I `git push` new content, Netlify will use Hugo to build the site, then install and call Torchlight to `++fancy;` the code blocks before the site gets served. Very nice!
### Hard Mode
Of course, I Just. Can't. leave well enough alone.
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