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content/posts/create-vms-chromebook-hashicorp-vagrant/index.md
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content/posts/create-vms-chromebook-hashicorp-vagrant/index.md
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---
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title: "Create Virtual Machines on a Chromebook with HashiCorp Vagrant" # Title of the blog post.
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date: 2023-02-20 # Date of post creation.
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# lastmod: 2023-02-18T17:22:02-06:00 # Date when last modified
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description: "Pairing the powerful Linux Development Environment on modern Chromebooks with HashiCorp Vagrant to create and manage local virtual machines for development and testing" # Description used for search engine.
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featured: false # Sets if post is a featured post, making appear on the home page side bar.
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draft: true # Sets whether to render this page. Draft of true will not be rendered.
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toc: true # Controls if a table of contents should be generated for first-level links automatically.
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usePageBundles: true
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# menu: main
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# featureImage: "file.png" # Sets featured image on blog post.
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# featureImageAlt: 'Description of image' # Alternative text for featured image.
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# featureImageCap: 'This is the featured image.' # Caption (optional).
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# thumbnail: "thumbnail.png" # Sets thumbnail image appearing inside card on homepage.
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# shareImage: "share.png" # Designate a separate image for social media sharing.
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codeLineNumbers: false # Override global value for showing of line numbers within code block.
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series: Projects
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tags:
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- linux
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- chromeos
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- homelab
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- infrastructure-as-code
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comment: true # Disable comment if false.
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---
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I've lately been trying to do more with [Salt](https://saltproject.io/) at work, but I'm still very much a novice with that tool. I thought it would be great to have a nice little portable lab environment where I could deploy a few lightweight VMs and practice managing them with Salt - without impacting any systems that are actually being used for anything. Along the way, I figured I'd leverage [HashiCorp Vagrant](https://www.vagrantup.com/) to create and manage the VMs, which would provide a declarative way to define what the VMs should look like. That will make it easy to build up, destroy, and redeploy a development environment in a simple, repeatable way.
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Also, because I'm a bit of a sadist, I wanted to do this all on my new [Framework Chromebook](https://frame.work/laptop-chromebook-12-gen-intel). I might as well put my 32GB of RAM to good use, right?
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It took a bit of fumbling, but this article describes what it took to get a Vagrant-powered VM up and running in the [Linux Development Environment](https://chromeos.dev/en/linux) on my Chromebook (which is currently running ChromeOS v111 beta).
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### Install the prerequisites
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There are are a few packages which need to be installed before we can move on to the Vagrant-specific stuff. It's quite possible that these are already on your system.... but if they *aren't* already present you'll have a bad problem[^problem].
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```shell
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sudo apt update
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sudo apt install \
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build-essential \
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gpg \
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lsb-release \
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wget
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```
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[^problem]: and [will not go to space today](https://xkcd.com/1133/).
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I'll be configuring Vagrant to use [`libvirt`](https://libvirt.org/) to interface with the [Kernel Virtual Machine (KVM)](https://www.linux-kvm.org/page/Main_Page) virtualization solution (rather than something like VirtualBox that would bring more overhead) so I'll need to install some packages for that as well:
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```shell
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sudo apt install virt-manager libvirt-dev
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```
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And to avoid having to `sudo` each time I interact with `libvirt` I'll add myself to that group:
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```shell
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sudo gpasswd -a $USER libvirt ; newgrp libvirt
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```
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I'm also going to use `rsync` to share a [synced folder](https://developer.hashicorp.com/vagrant/docs/synced-folders/basic_usage) between the host and the VM guest so I'll need to make sure that's installed too:
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```shell
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sudo apt install rsync
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```
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### Install Vagrant
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With that out of the way, I'm ready to move on to the business of installing Vagrant. I'll start by adding the HashiCorp repository:
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```shell
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wget -O- https://apt.releases.hashicorp.com/gpg | gpg --dearmor | sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/hashicorp-archive-keyring.gpg
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echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/hashicorp-archive-keyring.gpg] https://apt.releases.hashicorp.com $(lsb_release -cs) main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/hashicorp.list
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```
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I'll then install the Vagrant package:
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```shell
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sudo apt update
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sudo apt install vagrant
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```
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I also need to install the [`vagrant-libvirt` plugin](https://github.com/vagrant-libvirt/vagrant-libvirt) so that Vagrant will know how to interact with `libvirt`:
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```shell
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vagrant plugin install vagrant-libvirt
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```
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### Create a lightweight VM
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Now I can get to the business of creating my first VM with Vagrant!
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Vagrant VMs are distributed as Boxes, and I can browse some published Boxes at [app.vagrantup.com/boxes/search?provider=libvirt](https://app.vagrantup.com/boxes/search?provider=libvirt) (applying the `provider=libvirt` filter so that I only see Boxes which will run on my chosen virtualization provider). For my first VM, I'll go with something light and simple: [`generic/alpine38`](https://app.vagrantup.com/generic/boxes/alpine38).
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So I'll create a new folder to contain the Vagrant configuration:
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```shell
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mkdir vagrant-alpine
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cd vagrant-alpine
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```
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And since I'm referencing a Vagrant Box which is published on Vagrant Cloud, downloading the config is as simple as:
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```shell
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vagrant init generic/alpine38
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```
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That lets me know that
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```text
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A `Vagrantfile` has been placed in this directory. You are now
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ready to `vagrant up` your first virtual environment! Please read
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the comments in the Vagrantfile as well as documentation on
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`vagrantup.com` for more information on using Vagrant.
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```
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Before I `vagrant up` the joint, I do need to make a quick tweak to the default Vagrantfile, which is what tells Vagrant how to configure the VM. By default, Vagrant will try to create a synced folder using NFS and will throw a nasty error when that (inevitably[^inevitable]) fails. So I'll open up the Vagrantfile to review and edit it:
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```shell
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vim Vagrantfile
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```
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Most of the default Vagrantfile is commented out. Here's the entirey of the configuration *without* the comments:
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```ruby
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Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
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config.vm.box = "generic/alpine38"
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end
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```
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There's not a lot there, is there? Well I'm just going to add these two lines somewhere between the `Vagrant.configure()` and `end` lines:
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```ruby
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config.nfs.verify_installed = false
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config.vm.synced_folder '.', '/vagrant', type: 'rsync'
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```
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The first line tells Vagrant not to bother checking to see if NFS is installed, and will use `rsync` to share the local directory with the VM guest, where it will be mounted at `/vagrant`.
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So here's the full Vagrantfile (sans-comments[^magic], again):
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```ruby
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Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
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config.vm.box = "generic/alpine38"
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config.nfs.verify_installed = false
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config.vm.synced_folder '.', '/vagrant', type: 'rsync'
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end
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```
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With that, I'm ready to fire up this VM with `vagrant up`! Vagrant will look inside `Vagrantfile` to see the config, pull down the `generic/alpine38` Box from Vagrant Cloud, boot the VM, configure it so I can SSH in to it, and mount the synced folder:
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```shell
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; vagrant up
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Bringing machine 'default' up with 'libvirt' provider...
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==> default: Box 'generic/alpine38' could not be found. Attempting to find and install...
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default: Box Provider: libvirt
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default: Box Version: >= 0
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==> default: Loading metadata for box 'generic/alpine38'
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default: URL: https://vagrantcloud.com/generic/alpine38
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==> default: Adding box 'generic/alpine38' (v4.2.12) for provider: libvirt
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default: Downloading: https://vagrantcloud.com/generic/boxes/alpine38/versions/4.2.12/providers/libvirt.box
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default: Calculating and comparing box checksum...
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==> default: Successfully added box 'generic/alpine38' (v4.2.12) for 'libvirt'!
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==> default: Uploading base box image as volume into Libvirt storage...
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[...]
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==> default: Waiting for domain to get an IP address...
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==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
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default: SSH address: 192.168.121.41:22
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default: SSH username: vagrant
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default: SSH auth method: private key
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[...]
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default: Key inserted! Disconnecting and reconnecting using new SSH key...
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==> default: Machine booted and ready!
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==> default: Rsyncing folder: /home/john/projects/vagrant-alpine/ => /vagrant
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```
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And then I can use `vagrant ssh` to log in to the new VM:
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```shell
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; vagrant ssh
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alpine38:~$ cat /etc/os-release
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NAME="Alpine Linux"
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ID=alpine
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VERSION_ID=3.8.5
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PRETTY_NAME="Alpine Linux v3.8"
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HOME_URL="http://alpinelinux.org"
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BUG_REPORT_URL="http://bugs.alpinelinux.org"
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```
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I can also verify that the synced folder came through as expected:
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```shell
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alpine38:~$ ls -l /vagrant
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total 4
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-rw-r--r-- 1 vagrant vagrant 3117 Feb 20 15:51 Vagrantfile
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```
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Once I'm finished poking at this VM, shutting it down is as easy as:
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```shell
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vagrant halt
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```
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And if I want to clean up and remove all traces of the VM, that's just:
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```shell
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vagrant destroy
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```
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[^inevitable]: NFS doesn't work properly from within an LXD container, like the ChromeOS Linux development environment.
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[^magic]: Through the magic of `egrep -v "^\s*(#|$)" $file`.
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### Create a heavy VM, as a treat
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Having proven to myself that Vagrant does work on a Chromebook, let's see how it does with a slightly-heavier VM.... like [Windows 11](https://app.vagrantup.com/oopsme/boxes/windows11-22h2).
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Again, I'll create a new folder to hold the Vagrant configuration and do a `vagrant init`:
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```shell
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mkdir vagrant-win11
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cd vagrant-win11
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vagrant init oopsme/windows11-22h2
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```
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And, again, I'll edit the Vagrantfile before starting the VM. This time, though, I'm adding a few configuration options to tell `libvirt` that I'd like more compute resources than the default 1 CPU and 512MB RAM:
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```ruby
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Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
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config.vm.box = "oopsme/windows11-22h2"
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config.vm.provider :libvirt do |libvirt|
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libvirt.cpus = 4
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libvirt.memory = 4096
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end
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end
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```
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Now it's time to bring it up. This one's going to take A While as it syncs the ~6GB Box first.
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```shell
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vagrant up
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```
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Eventually it should spit out that lovely **Machine booted and ready!** message and I can log in! I *can* do a `vagrant ssh` again to gain a shell in the Windows environment, but I'll probably want to interact with those sweet sweet graphics. That takes a little bit more effort.
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First, I'll use `virsh -c qemu:///system list` to see the running VM(s):
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```shell
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; virsh -c qemu:///system list
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Id Name State
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---------------------------------------
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10 vagrant-win11_default running
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```
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Then I can tell `virt-viewer` that I'd like to attach a session there:
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```shell
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virt-viewer -c qemu:///system -a vagrant-win11_default
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```
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I log in with the default password `vagrant`, and I'm in Windows 11 land!
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### Next steps
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Well that about does it for a proof-of-concept. My next steps will be exploring [multi-machine Vagrant environments](https://developer.hashicorp.com/vagrant/docs/multi-machine) to create a portable lab environment including machines running several different operating systems so that I can learn how to manage them effectively with Salt. It should be fun!
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@ -1,91 +0,0 @@
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---
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title: "Run Virtual Machines on a Chromebook with HashiCorp Vagrant" # Title of the blog post.
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date: 2023-02-18T17:22:02-06:00 # Date of post creation.
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# lastmod: 2023-02-18T17:22:02-06:00 # Date when last modified
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description: "Pairing the powerful Linux Development Environment on modern Chromebooks with HashiCorp Vagrant for managing local virtual machines for development and testing" # Description used for search engine.
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featured: false # Sets if post is a featured post, making appear on the home page side bar.
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draft: true # Sets whether to render this page. Draft of true will not be rendered.
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toc: true # Controls if a table of contents should be generated for first-level links automatically.
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usePageBundles: true
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# menu: main
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# featureImage: "file.png" # Sets featured image on blog post.
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# featureImageAlt: 'Description of image' # Alternative text for featured image.
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# featureImageCap: 'This is the featured image.' # Caption (optional).
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# thumbnail: "thumbnail.png" # Sets thumbnail image appearing inside card on homepage.
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# shareImage: "share.png" # Designate a separate image for social media sharing.
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codeLineNumbers: false # Override global value for showing of line numbers within code block.
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series: Projects
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tags:
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- linux
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- chromeos
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- homelab
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- infrastructure-as-code
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comment: true # Disable comment if false.
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---
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I've lately been trying to do more with [Salt](https://saltproject.io/) at work, but I'm still very much a novice with that tool. I thought it would be great to have a nice little lab environment where I could deploy a few lightweight VMs and practice managing them with Salt - without impacting any systems that are actually being used for anything. I thought it might be fun to create and manage the VMs with [HashiCorp Vagrant](https://www.vagrantup.com/), which provides a declarative way to define what the VMs should look like. That will make it easy to build up, destroy, and redeploy a development environment in a simple, repeatable way.
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Also, because I'm a bit of a sadist, I wanted to do this all on my new [Framework Chromebook](https://frame.work/laptop-chromebook-12-gen-intel). I might as well put my 32GB of RAM to good use, right? It took a bit of fumbling, but this article describes what it took to get a Vagrant VM up and running in the [Linux Development Environment](https://chromeos.dev/en/linux) on my Chromebook (which is currently running ChromeOS v111 beta).
|
||||
|
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### Install the prerequisites
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||||
There are are a few packages which need to be installed before we can move on to the Vagrant-specific stuff. It's quite possible that these are already on your system.... but if they *aren't* already present you'll have a bad problem[^problem].
|
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```shell
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sudo apt update
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sudo apt install \
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build-essential \
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gpg \
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lsb-release \
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wget
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```
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[^problem]: and [will not go to space today](https://xkcd.com/1133/).
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I'll be configuring Vagrant to use [`libvirt`](https://libvirt.org/) to interface with the [Kernel Virtual Machine (KVM)](https://www.linux-kvm.org/page/Main_Page) virtualization solution (rather than something like VirtualBox that would bring more overhead) so I'll need to install some packages for that as well:
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```shell
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sudo apt install virt-manager libvirt-dev
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```
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And to avoid having to `sudo` each time I interact with `libvirt`, I'll add myself to that group:
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```shell
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sudo gpasswd -a $USER libvirt ; newgrp libvirt
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```
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Add HashiCorp repo:
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```shell
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wget -O- https://apt.releases.hashicorp.com/gpg | gpg --dearmor | sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/hashicorp-archive-keyring.gpg
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echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/hashicorp-archive-keyring.gpg] https://apt.releases.hashicorp.com $(lsb_release -cs) main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/hashicorp.list
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```
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Install `vagrant` and plugins:
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```shell
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sudo apt update
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sudo apt install vagrant
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vagrant plugin install vagrant-libvirt
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```
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Prepare a Vagrant directory:
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```shell
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mkdir vagrant-bullseye
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cd vagrant-bullseye
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vagrant init debian/bullseye64
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```
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Install `rsync`:
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```shell
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sudo apt install rsync
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```
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Enable `rsync` (and disable NFS, which isn't supported within LXD) for Vagrant by editing the `Vagrantfile` to include:
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```
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config.nfs.verify_installed = false
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config.vm.synced_folder '.', '/vagrant', type: 'rsync'
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```
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Start the VM:
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```shell
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vagrant up
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```
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Log in:
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```shell
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vagrant ssh
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```
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|
||||
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