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update post with minor tweaks
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@ -13,23 +13,25 @@ tags:
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- meta
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- selfhosting
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---
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I've lately seen some folks on [social.lol](https://social.lol) posting about their various strategies for automatically generating [Open Graph images](https://ogp.me/) for their [Eleventy](https://11ty.dev) sites. So this weekend I started exploring ways to do that for my [Hugo](https://gohugo.io) site.
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I've lately seen some folks on [social.lol](https://social.lol) posting about their various strategies for automatically generating [Open Graph images](https://ogp.me/) for their [Eleventy](https://11ty.dev) sites. So this weekend I started exploring how I could do that for my [Hugo](https://gohugo.io) site[^site].
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During my search, I came across a few different approaches using external services or additional scripts to run at build time, but I was hoping for a way to do this with Hugo's built-in tooling. I eventually came across a tremendously helpful post from Aaro titled [Generating OpenGraph images with Hugo](https://aarol.dev/posts/hugo-og-image/). This solution was exactly what I was after, as it uses Hugo's [image functions](https://gohugo.io/functions/images/filter/) to dynamically create a share image for each page.
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[^site]: You're looking at it.
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During my search, I came across a few different approaches using external services or additional scripts to run at build time, but I was hoping for a way to do this with Hugo's built-in tooling. I eventually came across a tremendously helpful post from [Aaro](https://aarol.dev/about/) titled [Generating OpenGraph images with Hugo](https://aarol.dev/posts/hugo-og-image/). This solution was exactly what I was after, as it uses Hugo's [image functions](https://gohugo.io/functions/images/filter/) to dynamically create a share image for each page.
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I ended up borrowing heavily from Aaro's approach while adding a few small variations for my OpenGraph images.
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- When sharing the home page, the image includes the site description.
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- When sharing a post, the image includes the post title.
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- ... but if the post has a thumbnail[^thumbnail] listed in the front matter, that gets overlaid in the corner.
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- ... and if the post has a thumbnail[^thumbnail] listed in the front matter, that gets overlaid in the corner.
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[^thumbnail]: My current theme doesn't make use of the thumbnails, but a previous theme did so I've got a bunch of posts with thumbnails still assigned. And now I've got a use for them again!
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Here's how I did it.
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### New resources
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Based on Aaro's suggestions, I used [GIMP](https://www.gimp.org/) to create a 1200x600 image for the base. I'm not a graphic designer[^web] so I kept it simple while trying to match the theme, font, and colors used on the site.
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Based on Aaro's suggestions, I used [GIMP](https://www.gimp.org/) to create a 1200x600 image for the base. I'm not a graphic designer[^web] so I kept it simple while trying to match the site's theme.
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I had to install the Fira Mono font [Fira Mono `.ttf`](https://github.com/mozilla/Fira/blob/master/ttf/FiraMono-Regular.ttf) to my `~/.fonts/` folder so I could use it in GIMP.
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I had to install the Fira Mono font [Fira Mono `.ttf`](https://github.com/mozilla/Fira/blob/master/ttf/FiraMono-Regular.ttf) to my `~/.fonts/` folder so I could use it in GIMP, and I wound up with a decent recreation of the little "logo" at the top of the page.
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![Red background with a command prompt displaying "[runtimeterror.dev] $" in white and red font.](og_base.png)
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@ -81,8 +83,10 @@ which is in turn loaded by `layouts/_defaults/baseof.html`:
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</head>
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```
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So now the customized OpenGraph content will be loaded for each page.
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### Aaro's OG image generation
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[Aaro's code](https://aarol.dev/posts/hugo-og-image/) provided the base functionality for what I need:
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[Aaro's code](https://aarol.dev/posts/hugo-og-image/) provided the base functionality for what I needed:
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```jinja-html
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{{/* Generate opengraph image */}}
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The [`resources.Get`](https://gohugo.io/functions/resources/get/) bits import the image and font resources to make them available to the [`images.Text`](https://gohugo.io/functions/images/text/) functions, which add the site and page title texts to the image using the designated color, size, placement, and font.
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The `resources.Copy` line moves the generated OG image into the post bundle directory and gives it a clean `og.png` name rather than the very-long randomly-generated name it would have by default.
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The `resources.Copy` line moves the generated OG image alongside the post itself and gives it a clean `og.png` name rather than the very-long randomly-generated name it would have by default.
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And then the `<meta ... />` lines insert the generated image into the page's `<head>` block so it can be rendered when the link is shared on sites which support OpenGraph.
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And then the `<meta />` lines insert the generated image into the page's `<head>` block so it can be rendered when the link is shared on sites which support OpenGraph.
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This is a great starting point for what I wanted to accomplish, but made some changes in my `opengraph.html` partial to tailor it to my needs.
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This is a great starting point for what I wanted to accomplish, but I made some changes to my `opengraph.html` partial to tailor it to my needs.
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### My tweaks
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As I mentioned earlier, I wanted to have three slightly-different recipes for baking my OG images: one for the homepage, one for standard posts, and one for posts with an associated thumbnail. They all use the same basic code, though, so I wanted to be sure that my setup didn't repeat itself too much.
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My code starts with fetching my resources up front, and initializing an empty `$text` variable to hold the description or title:
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My code starts with fetching my resources up front, and initializing an empty `$text` variable to hold either the site description *or* post title:
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```jinja-html
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{{ $img := resources.Get "og_base.png" }}
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The [`resources.Get` function](https://gohugo.io/functions/resources/get/) (little r) I used earlier works on *global* resources, like the image and font stored in the site's `assets/` directory. On the other hand, the [`Resources.Get` method](https://gohugo.io/methods/page/resources/) (big R) is used for loading *page* resources, like the file indicated by the page's `thumbnail` parameter.
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{{% /notice %}}
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And since I'm calling this method from inside a `with` branch I have to put a `$` in front of the method. Otherwise, the leading `.` would refer directly to the `thumbnail` parameter (which isn't a page and so doesn't have the method available[^scope]).
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Since I'm calling this method from inside a `with` block I use a `$` in front of the method name to get the [parent context](https://gohugo.io/functions/go-template/with/#understanding-context). Otherwise, the leading `.` would refer directly to the `thumbnail` parameter (which isn't a page and so doesn't have the method available[^scope]).
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[^scope]: Hugo scoping is kind of wild.
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Anyhoo, after the thumbnail is loaded, I use the [`Fit` image processing](https://gohugo.io/content-management/image-processing/#fit) to scale down the thumbnail and then call the [`images.Overlay` function](https://gohugo.io/functions/images/overlay/) to *overlay* it near the top right corner of the `og_base.png` image.
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Anyhoo, after the thumbnail is loaded, I use the [`Fit` image processing method](https://gohugo.io/content-management/image-processing/#fit) to scale down the thumbnail. It is then passed to the [`images.Overlay` function](https://gohugo.io/functions/images/overlay/) to *overlay* it near the top right corner of the `og_base.png` image[^placement].
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[^placement]: The overlay is placed using absolute X and Y coordinates. There's probably a way to tell it "offset the top-right corner of the overlay 20x20 from the top right of the base image" but I ran out of caffeine to figure that out at this time. Let me know if you know a trick!
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```jinja-html
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{{ with $thumbnail }}
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